What Causes Dark Spots on the Face? Expert Insights by Dr. Sheenam, Dermatologist at Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh

Dark spots—commonly referred to as hyperpigmentation—are one of the most frequent concerns I see at Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh. Particularly for Indian skin tones, pigmentation issues like melasma, acne scars, and uneven skin tone can be both persistent and frustrating. The good news? With the right understanding and skincare approach, dark spots can be effectively treated and even prevented.

In this guide, I’ll explain the most common causes of facial dark spots, how to prevent them, and the best treatments available to restore your skin’s natural radiance.

What Are Dark Spots & Why Do They Happen?

Dark spots occur when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This overproduction can be triggered by several internal and external factors, leading to visible patches or spots on the skin.

Sun Exposure (UV-Induced Hyperpigmentation)

What Happens: Sun exposure is the leading cause of dark spots. When UV rays hit your skin, they stimulate melanin production as a defense mechanism. Over time, this results in sunspots, tanning, and uneven pigmentation.

How to Prevent It:

• Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen daily
• Reapply every 2–3 hours, especially outdoors
• Wear protective accessories like hats and sunglasses

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

What Happens: PIH occurs after skin inflammation, such as acne, cuts, or rashes. When the skin heals, it may leave behind dark marks—especially in Indian skin, which is more prone due to increased melanin activity.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Avoid picking or squeezing pimples
• Use ingredients like Niacinamide and Alpha Arbutin to fade marks
• Treat active acne with Salicylic Acid or Retinol

Melasma (Hormonal Pigmentation)

What Happens: Melasma appears as symmetrical brown or gray patches, usually on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It’s often triggered by:

• Pregnancy (also called the “pregnancy mask”)
• Hormonal contraceptives
• Thyroid imbalances

Prevention & Treatment:

• Daily use of zinc-based sunscreen (melasma worsens with sun exposure)
• Topicals: Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, or Tranexamic Acid
• In-clinic options: Chemical Peels and Laser Treatments

Age Spots (Liver Spots)

What Happens: With age, prolonged sun exposure leads to brown spots known as liver spots or age spots, commonly seen on the face, hands, and neck.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Use Vitamin C and Retinol to accelerate skin renewal
• Exfoliate regularly with Glycolic Acid
• Consider laser options like Q-switched laser therapy for deeper pigment

Genetic & Ethnic Factors

What Happens: Some individuals, especially those with medium to darker skin tones, naturally produce more melanin, making them more prone to pigmentation from sun, acne, or injury.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Use SPF every single day
• Follow a consistent brightening routine with Vitamin C, Niacinamide, and AHAs

Skincare Routine to Prevent & Treat Dark Spots

Morning Routine: Brightening & Protection

• Cleanser – Gentle, non-stripping
• Vitamin C Serum – Fights free radicals and pigmentation
• Niacinamide or Alpha Arbutin – Evens out skin tone
• Moisturizer – Supports skin barrier
• Sunscreen (SPF 50+) – Essential daily shield

Night Routine: Repair & Regeneration

• Double Cleanse – Removes makeup, dirt, and SPF
• Exfoliate (2–3 times/week) – With Glycolic or Lactic Acid
• Retinol (2–3 times/week) – Speeds up cell turnover
• Niacinamide or Alpha Arbutin – Fades pigmentation
• Moisturizer – Rehydrates and restores skin

Advanced Treatments for Stubborn Pigmentation

When at-home care isn't enough, professional treatments at Skinology+ Clinic can offer faster, more visible results:

• Chemical Peels – Glycolic, TCA, or Salicylic Acid for skin resurfacing
• Laser Therapy (Q-Switched, Pico Laser) – Breaks down deeper melanin
• Microneedling with PRP – Stimulates collagen, treats scars & pigmentation
• IPL Therapy – Targets brown spots and sun damage

Final Thoughts: Clear Skin Is Achievable

Dark spots can affect anyone, but they don’t have to be permanent. With a tailored skincare routine, diligent sun protection, and expert treatments, you can reveal a clearer, brighter complexion.

At Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh, we provide customized skin consultations and advanced pigmentation solutions designed specifically for Indian skin.

Ready to take control of your skin?
Book your consultation today—and say goodbye to dark spots for good.

Radiant, even-toned skin is just a step away!
Swimmer’s Skincare Guide: Protect Your Skin in the Pool

By Dr. Sheenam, Dermatologist, Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh “Dive In, Don’t Dry Out!”

Swimming is a fantastic form of exercise—it builds strength, improves cardiovascular health, and refreshes the mind. But while your body thrives in the water, your skin may tell a different story. At Skinology+ Clinic, we often see swimmers dealing with dryness, irritation, and increased sensitivity due to repeated exposure to chlorinated water.

The good news? With the right skincare routine, you can enjoy your swim sessions and maintain healthy, glowing skin.

What’s the Real Culprit? Chlorine and Pool Chemicals

Chlorine is essential for keeping pool water clean, but it’s harsh on the skin. It strips away natural oils (sebum) that protect and hydrate your skin, resulting in:

• Dryness & Dehydration – Skin feels tight, flaky, or even cracked
• Irritation & Redness – Common in those with sensitive skin, eczema, or allergies
• Increased Sensitivity – Skin becomes more reactive to other irritants
• Premature Aging – Chronic dryness can lead to fine lines and dullness
• Discoloration – Rarely, swimmers may notice a greenish tinge due to copper in water binding to proteins

Pre-Swim Prep: Shield Your Skin

Protecting your skin starts before you jump in:

Hydrate From Within Drink water throughout the day. Well-hydrated skin is more resilient to external stressors.

Apply a Moisture Barrier Use a thick, emollient moisturizer or a swimmer-specific lotion containing petrolatum, dimethicone, or mineral oil. This forms a physical shield against chlorine. Apply 15–20 minutes before swimming.

Shower First Rinse off with fresh water before entering the pool. Damp skin absorbs less chlorinated water—think of it as a sponge that's already full.

Post-Swim Routine: Rehydrate & Repair

Your after-swim care is crucial in repairing and restoring the skin’s barrier:

Rinse Immediately Shower with lukewarm water using a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser to wash off chlorine. Avoid hot water and harsh scrubs.

Use a Hydrating Cleanser Choose formulas with glycerin, ceramides, or hyaluronic acid to cleanse without drying your skin further.

Moisturize While Damp Seal in hydration with a rich moisturizer. Look for shea butter, ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or natural oils for deep nourishment.

Add Antioxidants Topical Vitamin C or E serums help fight free radical damage from chlorine and sun exposure.

Don’t Skip Sunscreen Swimming outdoors? Always apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen (SPF 50+) at least 15–20 minutes before going outside—even on cloudy days. Chlorine makes your skin more sun-sensitive.

Long-Term Skin Maintenance for Swimmers

Consistency is key to healthy skin—especially if you swim regularly.

Gentle Exfoliation (1–2x/Week) Use mild chemical exfoliants like AHAs or BHAs to remove dry, dead skin. Avoid harsh scrubs that can worsen irritation.

Weekly Hydrating Masks or Overnight Creams Give your skin an intensive moisture boost with hydrating masks or overnight treatments once or twice a week.

Watch and Adjust Monitor how your skin reacts. If dryness, flakiness, or irritation persists, consult a dermatologist for a tailored regimen.

Stay Hydrated Every Day Internal hydration is just as important. Keep drinking plenty of water throughout the day to support skin function.

Final Thoughts: Swim Smart, Stay Glowing

You don’t need to choose between your love of swimming and healthy skin. With a well-structured skincare routine and a bit of pre- and post-swim care, you can enjoy the water without worrying about dryness or irritation.

At Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh, we offer expert advice and personalized skincare plans for swimmers and other active lifestyles. Whether you're dealing with chronic dryness or sensitivity from frequent pool sessions, we’re here to help you protect and nourish your skin.

Dive in with confidence—because your skin deserves to feel as good as you do after a swim!